Hawaii Holomua, Volume II, Number 37, 13 February 1894 Edition 02 — A REVIEW OE THE Hawaiian Controversy. [ARTICLE]

A REVIEW OE THE Hawaiian Controversy.

I I am nske«l to prepare. withont liias or direct 8Uggestion, a snccinct revie«v of the tbree <lays i revolution of January, 18911, nt i tbe Hawaiinn Isl»mls, wn ; cli result<-il in the dethronement of Quoon Liliuokalani anel her e-.'n- ’ stitntional monarcby, and the eHtabIishment of the new Pr«.vis- : ional Gevernment. Tbe task is no< inviting; f r puhlie sentiment amnng our people has been so | wrought np and wnrked upon of late f«>r the sake of discrediting ; this administration <-r the last. and with n pnssionate desire of estiblishing one ult iuato policy oranother tnwr.rd t’nat oeean juris- j diction, tbat facts are e:isil}* glossed over ordipr*-g-irded tosup|xirt an argument. But I hnve . studied the whole t>stimonv care | fully. «nd, I bclieve, without str< >ng prejudices, aiul I now pro j cced to state the situati«>n acct«rd- j iug to my own iinpressions. I shall assume, m tlie first plaee. that the situation of these islands “at thc cross roads of the Piicific Oeem,” and midw;tv in the track <-f e c:»mmerce, 1 givos them n peculinr attraction : to these Pnit« d States, so f;*r as ; «st blisliing au iuHuonee there is ! concerned; that recont deve’.op- . ments of that oommerco baVe j carried tbitbei quite an :imount of American iuvested eapiial, to j gether with a f«ir o«Jony «f sojourners—American cit zens still, 1 f««r the most part. —nre anxi« ns, | intense'v anxious, to bring that 1 wh«>Ie jnrisdiction uuderthe Sturs «n«l Strip« s whieh constitute the j «inlilem of tbeir beloved Union and « urs. But, on the otlier hand. i the great mass of Ihe American j people are conservative abont uew ! ai ddistant torritorinI aequisit- j ious.sluggish,not readily an»used; J tbev »re consciens of great difti j cultics attending sucb aun* xation us the preseut, an*l desire time j and opportunitv to comp*ro tbem j with the promised advantag«s, whieh tbey as yet appreheud scarcely better; and, under anv eirci;mstanoes. they do uot w;sh j th* so is!ands thrown up«>n them, ; under a race couquest, like that ■ «>f Cortesover the Aztecs in Mexioo, bnt innst feel well assure«i that tho Haw.«iians tbemselves eome toward ns with open arms 1 aiul of tbeir own free aeoonl, as : well : s resident foreignera who j und« rt ko t > ple«lge theircousent. 1 slia!l assume nls«v that the j paramount inlhieneo of the Uuite«l St.*tes in these islands may be j exteiulcd in one cf tbr®6 ways; by treaty. by a protect r.«te, or j bv annexHti*>n.* By treaty. whieh i b* st resj>ect the antouoniy «>f botb j c >ntr cting e«>untries, we have I alrea«ly secnred gre;*t advantages. ; aiul m.»y stipulate for advantages 1 eveu greater; for Fresident • Gr-ats treaty of recipr>citv in 1870 «level ped a marvellous in- j terchang- of prodacts on our Pa cific s!ope;and with reuewal un- | der President Clevelau«l’s first i a«i;iiin'stratiou in 1883 we ae | quired furtber tho exolusive right | to j*erbaps the finest of tbose isUnd harbors as a navai station j for e >aliug aud rep:iirs.f A pn>- j tect«*r t*> prese its a scheiue utter- . lv 'ucompat ble with onr settleJ j systcm uf fraterual self goverument. involving grave polilieal i and constitntioua! objectious; and, sucb a policy oueo sanctiou- 1 ed, a strong naval foree must be ; mainttiue«l. while our ti*g be- ; comes li»«b!o to bo iauneheii into o»stly e ilouial exj>editioas— after I the fasbiou of Gre.*t 13rit.iiu au«i the £uropyan powers—īnto var- i ious quartors of tbe g!obe, whoao ! sure attdQ«laut cousequences are : iuteruationa) coIlisi<>i> aml strifo. j 'O. T. Cani», Nonh Aui« j notu Ue*nc>v t i T M. Coulev, ii* Uxc Porum t • ]***>, 1 aniele, Nurtb Aiue ! ri«ux I! »uch f 1833. 1 §

Annexation. wh : ch raeans present ; or pn«siective Statehood, c«tfers with r«?gard to snch a territor>’ and population, not contiguous but remote, not homogeneous to a remarkable dcgree. political and constHntional objections the the gravest of all; aml, notwithstan*lir.g onr innate an«l earnest dcsire to diftuse the blessings of freedom whieh we enjoy over the rcst of t!ie g1obe. one wonld think tlnt, with Iudians not yet reclairaed, negroes eraancipated onlv by the bloodiest and costliest of c:vil strifes, and, as the latest , factor, Chinese disturbing our national j>e.«ce of niiml, —not to speak of the refose of European nations cast lutely upon ns so constantlv by the Atlantic tides, I — tliis Union had enough of tbe problom of amalgamuting races iuto one brotherbood to last at least for the rest of this century. 1 shall assume, flnally, tbat no fear of British or other foreign interfen uce to seize the.se islands if we «lo not, net>d tr >nble us. : That f«>ar has heeu the usnal goa«l for driving our people, if possibie. into tilibnstering and | op]>ression tlie weaker nations of this bemispbere, ever siuce the davs c>f San Jacinto. Onr intiaenee at these islands will always he paraniount if we «lo not weakeu it by injustice. An Englishman whose means of knowle«lge ougiit to be goo«l* declares his positive belief tbat neither Great Jlritain or any otlier natiou un 1 der tlie snn woukl accept the Sandwich Islands as a gift;and it is signifieant that, whon Mr. Blount or«lered our ll ig at Hono Uilu to be lowered, nothing bnt a Japanese man-of-war in the hatbor eouhl be out as menaciug t«> a neutrality, aml on tlie i !>arest ruraor that such a menaee I ha«l been suggested, the Japanese goverum«>nt. with profomul regrets at so unfounded suspicion, | or«lere«l that vessel away.f As for the Monroe doctrine. granting its jir«>per extension to this remote ]>art of our hemisphere. i that stamliug rule against Euiopean and foreign interference has i been us firmly asserted bv onr present a«lministration in its diplomatic iustructious as nnder any of its predecessors; and such iustructions we shall fin«i enforced.J This «loctrine, tliongh i>ervertod by some later Presii «lent's, was wholly ph>Ianthropic l in its orig n:«l scope, helpfol nml m>t meuacing to weaker uations of this new world struggling for ■ home rule, as first isuj>ire«l by j Jetlerson. formulated with the ■ skilful aid of Jobn Quhicy A«lams, while Secr*‘t >ry of an«l announeeil by the high-minded Presi«lent whose name it bears. upon his execntive responsibility. The Hawaiian «|iiestion is «>ften debated as thcugh ono large islaml alone were concerued: but the controversy iuvolves iu realij ty a group «>f sorae e glit inhabit|od isl:«iuls in the North Pacific Oeean. more familiarly known as the Sandwich lslands. Uf these isl«nds Hawuii is the largest in area. aml give its name to the gronp bnt it is not the chief either in popnlation t-r polilieal i importance. That distincti« n bel«>ngs to Oahn, <he third or f«>urth of this grouj>in geograph'i eal size, but the most p>>pulous of a!l by reason of it.s bnsy port . aml emp rium. Honoln.u, where 1 sovereignty has long predominat*h1; au*l hare, ami in that I interestii g citv of abont .3.000 souls, tbe latest revolutioiiary I ovorthrow tx»k plaee iu J >uuary, 1893, —too suddeu aml short for ; res stance or cooperation elsewhere, —whose success extende«i the rev lntionary j«irisd ; cti;«n j»ieseiitiy to the <>ther is!antls of the gn>u]>. Hawaiian governnient :s sufficiently m«xler!i and pi*ogressive t«> a«lmit af a ceusus j takeneverysixyears. whieh eoinj preheu«ls m its tabulated results both nnmber an«l nat:onalities; aud from tbe iatest census. taken j m 1890, it appears that most of tbe popniaiiou of Oahu istan«l ■ dwell at Honolulu, while adecid«>d majonty uf the enumerated iuhubit «uts. ont of a total unmber of *T. H. I>HVt«-3«, gnnnU*n oi the Pnooeee [ &n«i hfipeM> expectaut oi Uie Uivtīuo i ihruDt>. •Mr Bk«u“.l's UejK>rt, Apni 6&nd Jutv 17, ;Heun>tarv (liwkuu’» inslro«-«ioii» lo «’ommisiM«.urr Bl,-un». XUrvh 11. lo«S; «peeekol I Miiimn W Utx, »tc.

: ne*rly 90.(KV). d'vell actt:ally upon the other principal islamīs, Hiwaii, Maoi. and Kanai. Of . this whole hybrid and hoter geni eons brood the most highly civiliztd portion comprising Ameri- • cans, British. Germaus, and Norwegians, nurcber less than 14 000: natives and half-castes f amountto40.600;Chinese.Japan- > f-so, and a rcongrel species of Portngue.se, a rude laboring class for the mOst p;*rt, and most of thera not admited t<> the frauch- ; ise. constitiite the rest. Of pure Americans there are hss tLan two thousand a!together.* p It is a curions circumstance, irdicating the nomadic and transi itory character of this miugled population, that the males outi number the females in the pro ; portion of about ō6 to 31; and the : sexual disparity is particularly I great as regards tbo Chinese and , Japanese elemeul, the most nomadic of all; yet even tliis ; j latter importation, whieh the ! prcsent Provisional 6overnraent ! and its predecessor have long '; encouraged, under coutracts more I particularly for workingasdoolies ' tbe vastly deve!oping sugir plantations, arrives to snpply inhabii tauts hardly less permaneut in , residence than the Saxon raee; i and aiul character of these islands is now and must alwas reraaiu—iuclusive of natives, the most perraanent of all —overwhelmingly Asiatic and { Polynesian.f This present eondition of tbe races has been eliiel' ; ly brought about by the great i development of stable productinns, and particularly of sngar ; cultivation, nnder the fostermg influences of President Graut’s } treaty. to whieh 1 have referrod: but to take the natives and haifcastes, otherwise fumiliarly styled Kanakan, they are by themselves an interesting and intelligent race, considering the barbarous ! conditiou from whieh missionary | eflbrts iong ago reclaimed them. Considerably more than half of theni (or sevea-tentlis iu round numbers) ean read and write, —a showing with whieh only £ngland I and Germany, perhaps, of Enro- ! peau countries, ean comf>ete: idol womhip, equally with eannihalism, they have long since cast aside, aud they are now clearly Christian in their religious affiu ities, besides sbowing in their own raodes of 1 ife thpso distinctive Cbristian traits, not always predominant among their more civilized teaehers,of simple faith, meekness. self sacriticing hospi tality, and forgiveness of their enemies by whom they have sutfered. Few thieves or begg.irs are to be found among them. Wbat final!\' the Hawaiiau is eapahle of under llie highest conditions remains nnsolved; but under his preseut intlnences he is found rather tim:d to resist the encroachments of a more powerful ruce, docile, witbout strong 1 traditions of hisown, frail but well iutentioned in morals. He is disposed to fo!low hiscivilizers from without mthor tban trust to uative inspimtion; and yet most probablv, like niost other mces of this g!obe, be is capabl<3 of fighting for his rights when at last exasperated aud pushed to the wall.t Sandwich Islanders responded qnite readily to the reiigious etforts of ourearlier missionaries: ■ aud the sons of missiouarics, aud Eng!p»h speaking immigmnts iu i general, have reaped many lenip- . I oml advantages m ct«n>t-quence previ- us to the Iast twentv ye-irs. . In fact white Ieuders were usual ,, ly accepted by the istand kmg. in his se!ecti<>ns of miuisters, | nobles. and judges. in f>ref*»rence •' to those of bs own mee; and j henee the Hawniīan governmeut has gradually merged fn>m barbansm iuto a sort uf parliamentj an’ monarcby. after the Europoan pattern; poerlei. |n>ssib!y. in | its iniitative fondness for royal j>ageantry. but neverthelessstrik- • | *See the officiai $Utisdcs in Bkan('> Sn«l I pcport. «Ibid. }“The Hnwmiūkn rmce,*“ write» E. Bisbop. ao «nient 1SS8, I on« thas U veli worth MTiitg. With ail i tbeir wd {n«ilties, thev a uohie raoe of ; mfu, rhy«ioallT «nd mortlly. They «re mauiy , nx>rageoo«, etiterpnsrBg. cordial. geaen.'OS unwīheh. Tbey «re highly rew|;bT« of good. They low to look fornnl tad upw«rd, tht>agh Tery facīle to trmi«UttioiM to «tide haekwuni an.l dovn- - ! vord. lu ao uooeoal degte« thcy ponuw a I i c*uuāty fv>r (toe and «rd«nt «ntha»iaao> for .! uohU en.i»,'

ingly liberal in submitting its roval functions and prerogatives : to popular and even alieu direc • tion. The censns of lS90 shows voters registered of all the various n dionalities whieh vote at all. — Chinese and Japanese being still exclnded; and as a great couccssion to sojonrners not citizens. nnder the Constitntion of 1887. w hieh the white denizens of Oahn procured bv revolution.foreigners who taketiie oath to support the Hawaiian government are permitted to register with a distinct reservation of allegiance to their own. It is thus that European and American sojourners here have quite genemllv gained participation of snffrage, with the object, on their own part, of neutralizing the native vote as mneh as possib!e bv various devices, while claiming all the Siime sympathy and protection from dne's own distant government. It is foreigners, chiefly, in such a sense, wlio have been the chief promoters and organizers of tbe two latest revolutions; both of whieh tend decidedly toward takingaway theHiwaiian islands from their own fixed inbabitants. And in an alignment of the natlve full or half caste registered vote agaiust tbe foreign, in consequence, and with the increasing fe r tliat the whole ignoraot Asia tic brood may yet be admitted to i the polls, American voters almost despair of stable government, uuder theirown imraediate eontrol, unless tbey ean gain aunexation to the United States as a sort of white aristocracy. | Indecd, these islands. while the preseut Provisionnl Government lasts. mean practically and of necessity a State or cluster of States, staple and sngar produ- , cing, after the paltern of South Uaiolina or Louisiana in 1860. with, howes*er, a mee oligarcby wide awake in other investments for capital, who work Mongolian ! coolies on their planrations, nn- | cler a close coutract system, iu stead of African slaves. Hawaiians und natives theniselves have |no snpeiior class of tbeir own; and all the lands ; whieh were owned originally by a few or by the crown, are gradually, by one means or another, being drawn iuto the exclusive dommion of white dcn:zens.* Bnt the lundless natives, still deferring to white inAuenee, retain tho semblance of political sovere ; gnty for them selves, and they actually regist>*r, by the latest censns, 9,700 intel ligent though diflident votes, as agiinst a foreign vote of scarcelv 3,900.t So &tartinglv significaut are these undisput dfactsaud figuves, ! that our latest American msnr rectionist& bave no wish whatever, e.ther to encourage exp>-riments of loeal se!f-governroent or to appeal for the sanctiou of their new establishment toa pb*b scite. ! The goverument whieh th-y dis placed was a liberal govermne!it enough, uuder all the circurnstances. for white menaud fore:gn ers t» hve under. The !egis! iture. a rei«reseutative b >dy. passed L»ws. made unvl unoiade uiinister*. usiia 11 v r>f ephile b!o*>d. >> ho eontroll**d th>* m«>n.rch; the m»narch , hi use f n* t !ong ag» was • lected by iiie iegielature, as roay occur ag iin, b*c->‘-s- 8overe ; gns die ch ; !d- ! !ess a:td c««ilatem! success:on ; s nol very extensiveiy prov de«l for. **The annexationists,” reports Mr. Bl >nnt Hrcurate!v, “ex{>ect the Unit«d St- te« t g»v»rrn tiie isl*nds by so abridging Ihe r:ght of suffr»ge as t-> plae- tiieru iu controi of Ihe whites.’" In f*et not one revo!utionist dīd he find on his visit who admilted or adv»cated anything t-> j ihe oonlrary; and the deep reserve <-f tnn- xat:oiiists whn are manu—f:»ct« rii'gs.-uliiuei:t m th s country is equally s gnificant. Mini»ter Thurslon suggesls lhat Hawaiiana are indifl‘erent to tbeir owa institut'ons and should be mdulged t acc«»rdingly.J Ex-Minisler Stey—et:s obj«*cts lo »11 popuiar expresi sion on ii e subj(Ct of these new ruiers, «>n ti»e distrnstful bypothe*Oniy 4.69Ō persoa» oenai nsal on frK« SaudTru‘h lads&da t>T thfr IAl£a»t .īllaliO; ! [ and ortr hail lbe h«U had by p*»»i ed mto Eaiupean or Aa««ncan ownewhip. ; This off«n h«sle proause to aew m oase of aitnexMtk>n. *Blount’s fioal report. :New York Tribone, Xot. 13 1893. >The i 1 ttTtragr nahee HawaUan." adda> Mr. Tiian>toa, "has rviy httte iau-nr»t m wbo roles « hini, 90 loug a» he i» M interf«rtd wuh in the ealn» enjoTn>«nt of tife, aud nMtily hi> j no opinioa to esr>re*».” «

s - thnt Briti«h influen«'e and the v «riou« o rr>;pt ; sia!'«l ring«. t«>e th« r with <.'!:«>!? Spreck Is. w..uid br;b» the ; e->p!e to v.>t>? nnfav*>rably* Hawaiian politics, in their history, d«> not move ]>erhaps in a m«>re di2tiifi«-d plane, n«>r with greater frmlom fr«>m scand.«K>us imput»lior9, than tl.o9e nf more favored eommmuHea, whereparties c«>ntend f.>r 9e!fish pnwer. and are irft free to a«perse. withont d:sP«*tic interf«-rence. the mntive9 of their »pr>nnents. Upon the death of Lnnaliln. known a? the Iast nf the Kamehamelia?. in 1874. it devolved upon the entire Hawaiian • leg!slatnre to eleot, in default nf legitimate succ« ssi«>n, a new sovereisn. Of the two candid >tes, Kalakaun and the Q;ieen d >wager Emma, the former gaimd ihe election through external A:nerican iiiAuem'e: but his dissipated and dnwnwar«l course prescntly ]>roduced a revo!ution in 1887. whieh secured tbose new con8titution;i! features sn liheml to the white denizens of HonoluUi, and so unpa—ralleled in the dealings <>f fulIy civilize«l e >nimunities with aliens, whieh we have already touched npon. The sovereign was ahoni q«iite short nf h:s f«‘rmer prcr«>gatives; inclnding the appointment of a house of nobles, and his ahs<>lute Vet» npon legislation. The new cnnstituti»n, f»rmal!y promulgated, Ju!y 7, 1887. by Kiug Kalakaua himself, as ihe former constitution raore des;a>tically had | heen. br>>ng!it j>»lit cal troah!es t» a cl»se; th»ugh llie c»ncessi»ns were doubtless wrung from him , m»st unwilling’y. Actual sovereignty paesed very considernbIy j by sr.ch a character t» the f>re : gn | element, s«> long as they kej>t in g». i(i accord among then»seives; but there was nutive discootent. whieh native courtesy c»uld [ scarcely, sraother. when the King i died suddenly on January 20,1891, while upon a tour to San Francise» where sag:>cious Americans on i their own soil entertaiued him iight roya!ly. Kalakaua died chilclless, leaving the rep«tati«»n. notwithsianding his many low vices,ofatractable and kind hearted sovereign. and a generous good : fellow: ;«nd on the 29th <>f the same January, ihe d;«y that his reraains were bronght t» Honolulu hy a 1 steamer wliieh b»re the Hawaiian flae at half—m*st t» nnnounee a I puhlie calamity, h;s sister and . iegitimate success»r, Liliuokalani, was. in her first m:>ze cf bewilderiog grief aml unexpected auth»riiy, proclaimed tlie Queen aud succer—- : sor t Of Queen Lilinokalani p«‘rsonalI ly, whoee bri«f two years reign has : j>recipit;>ted snch dieaster, nothing should be s;»id in censure whieh does n«*t allow that ?be is of a race whieh her wbite conquerors cons:der inferior t«> th ir own. No such I profligate and open aebancbery ‘ has b«-en charged against her as that of wh eh her !ate br«>tlier «nd roval pred«-ce89«>r was accused; but : she, a married wonian at the time i of ner »cces?ion, and m >re recently ; a wid«>w, has had that scandal j imputed to her whieh woman boids i most in abhorrence, b’it ean leael j eas lv put down. Liliuokalani’a ! chastity is deftndcd hy her friends and denied by her enemiee; she ; has aiwhV5 b«-en rtceived at her j capitai with the gre.«t*-sl res:>«‘Ct. and gre»ted in soci«-ty by th» wive« , tn*i daught« rs of tiie le.uli«ig f reign ( res>deolō, whieh :s «f il?«-f m ia>portant circumsun.ce īn her fav«>r-t But 1h Ihe trath whnt it mav, t!«e <x>.*rse and ealumuiou» epithets w th whieh &•> mmy cf <>’«r «jwn e untryraen hav» lau y <»■- f»ule h>-r ii: tt»e pi«M?s, and. wor?t iof ali. Presīdeut H.*rris.*n's recent minister. who shou!d have b*re:> I the lasl jjerson U> f«>rfcit d gnity in tbat r*-spect —uud ail w;lnuut an | indīctmer.t, an invesl gntion. an affid (ViU or even a really comnr(Vmising fact t»adduoe aga:net her—«iiuuiU chlsv iLe bluo«l of every i bonorable man to curdle with ; ind:goation. As for Wiiaon, ber | alleged param<>ur, bis rise in ber ' coofidence is capab!c, at all events. of that guiltS*.ss explanation to whieh every accused pereon shou!d be entititd; f»r, a balf-breed Englishman of g»od stock aod slrung physique, brought op iu the Saudwich Islands from bc*yhood, and proving biu>se!f quickiy 8uj.>erīor to tfae huekamilh’a lrade *H»utiacha>«Us Wlaiv; newopape» of Sot. 22, 1S8S. t aMieoii; of A*hfcrd aaJ oikeih; UupoU nt[«it. ;5ee o( Ckul Jastice Jodti. «uui tbe Ute (gancu.

* whieh fir?t eroployetl him. be m;»r- • ried a nntive girl whoai Liliuoka—- [ lani h«d traine<i ia hcr houeehoM like an own chi!d. and i»tuch>d. besides, the Queen’s hu9band by his o'T genial con»p«nionjhip in the i manly sports; tili finaliy the Quee.i i herseif. reca!!ii g the n>yal vic >s:i tudes of p: »t revolutions sleoled ■ him as her Hi.irshal and p&laee : gu«rd. in whieh p rs-'U..! e' i> c:ty ■ he lived nece9s;»rily with his own ■ wifein cl> se proxiro ; ly b>the palaee. He well vindic«t<d hi? *»vereigis e ehoiee bv hia c>»urage, ability, and ‘ conspicuoue and constant fideiity to her intere?ts l!.deed, of all tlie nuraerous oen who fisiure lhrorgh : C >nimissioner Biouni's searchu>g • mve»tigation, Wil»on stauds oot , alone, chief and org ,nizer of toe royal forces, a» the m;-u whom revolutionist pl"tter» tborm»gh!y dreaded; he it w..s >vn» wou!d nave nipjwd the eonspir*cy in the bud after the Hus»ian f;i*hion, who, hut ; for the more prudent and m>>re timorous advisers of the g»vernroent. would have arr.sted rii,gIcader», ?uppre»s<d secret meetings, dared the reV«Iutioni»ts an<l even the intervening m:»rines of our United St.it* s ve»»el to fight, and who only surrendered hia station hou»e at last on the Queen’s perempt< ry roandate. It was for all this. we iuay well surunse, and because of his const «ncy to his sovereign, the woman who relie<l upon his protection, thut annexasionist8 hate him, and pull his reputation to shreds, more than frora any pioua suspicions that he received her illieil favors. Queen Liliuokalani'» accession has been, bowever, most unfortunate for the peaee of her realm, under the stress of unavoidab!e race contlicts between natives and white foreigners whieh this new \vealth of commerce aud plantation industries has bronght to tbe inhabitants. That stress dates from the reign of Kalakana before her. Her disposition has been reactionary, and her symI pathies strong!y with her native people as against the new-comer» of these Saxon races whose eool craft has been graduallv taking away tbeir simpler sovereignty and her own, aud of whose designs, moreover, to anuex the whole jurisdiction to the United State» she hns bad uo ligbt foreboding.s. Partisan her»elf in feelings, bv nature aml the force of circumstances. strunger in traditionary i*everenee than tho maiority of her race, she has hastened tbe dreaded coufiict bv her owu want of either tact or prudent dissimulntion, by ber obstinacv, high teroper, traus parent simplicity of motive, an<l, witbin clearly feminiue limilatious, lier fearlessness to assurae great responsibiht!es wbose dangers she is incorapetent to ealeul *te. Yet, with all these grave faults of character as a ruler, Lilinokalaui has been singularly consistent and bunest 111 her general preferences for a pohcy; sbe bas shown no little f>-rbear-anee, moreover, when terribly irntated aud provoked, wher«* her officers wouhl more wisely bave soothed her; she has resj>ected constitutional restraints »fter her owu emj)batic mauuer A constru ing them; and. aft«r ali, she has proved her«elf not intract«ble, when treated. as all women hke to be, with courteous def.*reuce. More thau this. stilS. she yields the point. hke iuost others of her sex, when mnscchne snperior)ty , has forced her to the ultimate bjrrier. The sovereign, never yet foliy j trained aud exj>erieuced aj>on ber | tbrone, tt.oogb advauce«l ulreadv in years b<<>lorgs to a short lived race; and iu ea&e « f her deatb. depositiou. or T«lnutary rcsigna- . ; tion. her )egitim>tte s;.cce»s r—- . uuder the 0> ostit>.ti u of l.S*i7 —wou)d bava becn autouwiically , the Princess Kaiulani, a young . woman now jast about tbe age of r I Uawaiian majority. of rare per- | sonal cbarms and inteiligence. >, who, seasonab!y removed from [ pemicioos court iofiuences a few j i years ago, was privateiy educated [ in £ngtand nnder good guari | diaush>p, and bas lately been . I travelling in the Uuited States, r i cbarming ali who bave met her by ; ber sociai rennement and aeeom- * | plisbmeuts. Tbe good will of { tbese two royal eiamiauU o>nld j not be safe)y ignored in auy full I settiemeat uf tbe Hawaium difiis eniiiea; «ud iu fact. the treaty whieh Presideul Hi»rnsun uego-

tiatcd with tbe new gnTernment to peniie'O Liliookal«r.i band8on.eIy *»d pay down to tbe Princes8 a grosft snm in cash. provided tbnt eaeh »oold sobrait to the new order of tbinps and to tbe aothorityof tbeUcited States. Mr. Bloont fcond ltst spring at Henololo. while pressing his in- | vestigation. that agents. pretend- 1 ing to bare receired their creden- j t a's from Wasbingt< n. were tn ing to n»-gotiate directly with tbe ei Qoeen. so as to mduce ber to sell ont and abdicate: and when their scbeme was balked. Hawaiian jonmals in sym]<atby witb the Provisional Govemment tbreatened rt*]>eatedly that she wonld be fortliwith arrested and shipped ftom the islands.* Tlie dethrc»<d Qceen is not witbout grievanccs of her own to relate. socb as must bave left tbeir indelible impression |>ecaliarly upon one of her imperious temj>erament- Like ber own predecessor, sbe disliked tbe Constitution of 1887, whieh placed ancient pren»gatives so largely in the keeping of tbe migratory white raen. Upon her coronation sbe hesitated to sign it; aud, told . next by her surruunding advisers th«t sbe could not at onee legally form a ministry of her own, but rnust keep the legacy of a dead sovereign’s cabinet until sorae legislature should later dism1ss them, she stubboruly objected, und carried lier point at length, as she nugbt to have done. Her earlier miuisters of state, who were evidently expected to keep ber dowu, would administer atlairs together, witbout passing ber tbe courtesy of a consu!ta tion; and later, as the struggle progressed, with the Wilcox Reform cabinet, for whose head sbe cherished a high personal eonsideration, tlie course taken, as sbe claims was on all occasions to decide measures apart, and simply present acts aud docuraents for her signature, leaving | her no ready resource but to acquiesce. “1 found,” sho eom- , plains, ”tbat I was simply a nonentitv, a figurebead.” Ānd Mi nister Stevens on one occasion, eo sho relates. seated himself in ber presence in a mannef highly disresnectful and offensive, and then absurdly uudertook to browboat her government into raaking reparation for an article. reflect ing npon his ofiicial bebavior toward sorae shipwrecked sailors, whieh had appeared casuully in a , Honoluln newspaper. f It seems impossible that this high-strnng sovereigu. sensitive to every slight and impertineuce, could have got ou smoothly with the divei-so elemeuts about her. Her own people, to whom were allied those native-born of for- ! eign parents, are passionately fond of ber; but Ainerican Rojourners,yearning for the Stars ' aud Stripes. heeaine rapidly ali- 1 cnated from ber confidence, nntil. between auuexationists and wealthy merchants generally who , desired reform and a stable goverument on tbe one hand, and tbose on the other who ineline rather to home rnle and the ! Polynesian standard of morals, ‘ adtuiuistration had degenerated by 18112, with the legislature in session, into the coustant makiug i and turniug out of cabinets, —« business iu whieh the legislature exeited its leverage at the behest of one side or the other according as factious combinations niight vary. while bribeiy aud eomip- ' tiou became the constiut charge. In lhis shurp and incessaut strnggle for political supromacy, the party reformora, when ūnited with another faction kuown as Liherals, were strong euough to ! vote out all opposiug iuiuisters until the Wileoi or Reform C«bi- ; net wus bronght in; but, offend ing ihe Liberals after this, they ; met their humiliaiion when the ' Wilcox Cabinet was voted out bv a new legislative combination of men on the I3th of Jauaarv, 1893, and the reins of power, whieh otberwise migbt most likely bave been LeKl for eight- ; een montbs or more through tLe prorogation of the legislature, p«ssed, just beforo fiual «djoorn- j ment. iuto the bands of unotber miuistry, weak perhups iu its mora!s, and hardly representative of any partv. Among the various rings of lobbv spoculators, corrnpt and corruptiug, as such sj>eoulators aae apt to be uuder ! auv goverument, while hanging about the legisiature, were those whieh sought —as had been j sougbt Iong l>efore—a lottery and 1 au opium license act; measures ! both offensive to civilized people | like our own. and yet iu tfae Sandwich lslands strong!y backed by Asiatic as well as loeal Bentiment. aud commanding naturally some honest favor at all events, from such a government aud iegislatore, because of sub | { sidies aud revenue whieh would , accrue to tbe puhlie treasory. To ;, iake suct measures at their worst, { iu anv system of moderu poiitics ; tbe ouly efficacious remedy ltes in coostitutionaI appeal to tbe polls, liberal discussiou. and healtbier inspintion of pnblic - — < • &* Blornt corrwpoad«nce. Apnl 2« anj , 24. UW3. , t Soe LīlinokaUni'e «Ut*ia«Bt. MUehed i %o Bidnal » r*port. 11

sent:ment; for with bad legislation the people of onr own >roud States are sofuciently famiiar, and. in the ehanee for popuar appeal io cbange of iegisiators and an adm:nistration, citizens rt»t conteut. Taxation in the Uawaiian lslands bas never been oppressive. &veraging scarcely one per cent. While the acerbity of politics increased. and civilization itself ft«emed to go backwurd; while party reformers compiained of theQneeu's vicious appointments. of her meddles<‘'iae interference in affairs. aud of the inoreasing instibility of official tenure, »bich under old Kmg Kalakaua wus almost permanent by eomparison with these two later Roccessors —natives on the other side lamenting that foreigaers of another race, citizens still owing their allegiance elsewhere, bad eome to their Pacific coast ]>oor. to am ss rich fortuues, to absorb the crown lands to themselves. aud at length to elaim paramjunt ascendency in the puhlie admin istration, regardless of earlier prerogatives, of earlier fundamenial law, aud, as they thought, to tho impoverishment and subjection oi tbeir own primitive race, —Amenean sojourners began almost spoutaneoasly to look !orward with hope and desire to a closer amaig;imation with the United States. Other friends of civiIization aud stability, having no strong interest to exert apart, Euglish, German, and Norwt*gian, eame to sympathize with tbem; most foreigners, in £act, upon tbese islands, who control ed or owned invested capitai, —all the great sugar-producers, in fine, except Claus Spreckels. But while the greater part of this iufiuential miuority were content to let events shape theirown slow course, un ardent band of annexation enthusiasts aud malconteuts pushed forward insurrection»ry scbemes in secret, uuder the secret favor, as they often repre sented, of President Harrison and his Secretary of State. To stir up auiong American men at home the sluggish spirit of distant acquisitiou was of course the still formidabie task; but this they atterapled to do iu various articles whieh attracted immediate noliee in our couutry, but whieh are now recalled with a retrospective interest; published, as they were, at various times during the last two ye.irs in the “A’ei e York Tribune‘” ; m the “Kennehee Jonrnal,” whieh Miuister Stevens of Maine had edited, and in various presses on the Pacific coast, one of whieh, shortly before the fiml Fession of our last Congress, predicted under bo!d head lines that a new national toj>ic wae short!y to be sprung in Ihe annexation of Hawaii. Ex Premier Thurston, a native born | islander, wlio appeared to have vis’.tcd the United8tates in 1891-92, : to inake secret stipuiitions vvith ihe Harrison admiuistration,* was the moving spint of all this agitatI ion; and his lately published plea ; for annexalioii, made up with mueh finaucial and histoncal reeeamh, is stated by himselfto have been written, except for its two nnal pāges, b-fore the revolution look place.f To such insurrectionarv counseis, Miuister Stevens, a friend and ardent ud:nirer of Secretary Hlaine, gave u:ore, probably. thao a diplomotic countenance; f >r his close personal sympathy and acquaintance wilh the bo!d spirit of the course is revealed more and more clearly m eaeh new countersiatement that he bas made since Blount’s report was pubiished. Iu speeches uiade by him in Honolulu, on the 4lh of July, 1891. and 1«t -r, on Memoiial Day, 1892, conteuipt of the sovereigu aud govermnent to whieh he eame accrediled was but feebly veile<l. lndeed, it is the eomiiion charge of roy«l adberents who felt ihe atm >sphere of his hoslility, that our legatiou was Ihe be.idquarters where Americms m<-t oommonly to discuss by what practical means tbese islands mighl mosl quickly l»e brought under the jurisdiction of the United States; and ttioi gh no secret league of annexatiou:sts n,ay really have been orgamzed, suspicions w*re so I soon ar»>used amung ihe nalives tbeuiselvee aud in goveruitig er- | c!es. that a Hawauan league was furmed to protect the auU»uoiry of ihe kiugdom * We reach uow that memorab!e and somewnat uueipeeleil cris'.s of S.»turday, the 15 of Jauuary, 1893, when events to whieh the Queen’s i own indiscretion Iarge!y contributed gave Americau s<’journers ! upou tne Sandwich lslands the j revolulionary opportunity for whieh some, no doubt, hal hope- i j fully planned, but whieh to the gre«t m»jority of r. f.»ruicrs must ; tiave meaul simply, iu its ioeepuou, union for pure seif-government by regularand oonstitutional methods. Kevolutions among this geutle and ■ not illiheml people oi tne distant i seas meani seusation; without j Joubt oratory; displaya, perhaj«s, | ; of military force, but hardly bh>ud- ; shed. lu all the previous Hawaiian revolutious sioce 1875, so Mr. Blount informs us. the total c*sual*Sm I.ilmkaiam'i sutem«&t. ♦ Nortt» Aawnein He»»ew, llweh, 1893. :IUoaat'i suteu>eat, pa**im . Piwaidsct ipeewl iDMfi*ge of LVcember 18, , 1893, sapp>Mi lettera frut& the tUes oL tbe , Suu> Dep.vittue&t. writtea br MiaiiUer Stev- . •ui iu 189£. wkueh 4iadem pl»a* of the | Keolouomah» ea:«ruin«d tha* «arij, «ad i hw ovb do«īA»4 iyasp«lhy wrth Ikm.

tie* had aroooted t» seren kil:ed and eeven wonaeie»!; and by i rec;se!y the same arītbmetical figims were lbese former revoIulior.s more sanguīn«ry than this latest impen<iicg une. % Tne legislature oe that 14tb of j£miary was to eloee īls work: and #s Ieg;«!ature« were decreed hienuiai under the existicg Cunstitution, no opportnnitv to vote out tbe Cabinet whieh had jua’. eon.e into puwer. bv superse—dcre r { the W i'ei inin;?trv t d»y b**f r . e •id |> 8« b v v b* !ore Mnv. l>f'4. r.!<s- theQ<i.-,i e nvua<<J n sit c>al «es«ion. G<>v—ernQi**r.l might now pr->ve f r a Iong time sufficient!y «table. b;.t it wa« not sUb<iity &s ref>rmers and foreigu elemenl wished f«>r; thev were b:tterly d:sapp<<inted over Uie ill luek whieh had r<>Uted their favorite n>ir;i«ters out of uffice ♦>:> ihe lotb; and t*> add to their iu<>rt—ified di«gust. tiie new minister«. fulfilling pledges probab!y given t<> that queer c<>mbination of a i“gi«la ture, m&jority whieh had just helped them into power, Iaid the opium and lottery bill beforetbe Queen and advise her toapprove. Notcaring tu interpose her ou n veto at this tmie, and y<*t, |indiffcrent personallv to these bills, as she has s;nce testifiid. or, Uielikii g them. li«e m<>st of her woman frier.d«, she affixe<l her signature.* The legi3!:*.t'jre was pr r>3 ,°d wilh cereinuiual f<<rmality on Siturd«y noo.i; raost of the oppoaieion members. huwever, being conspicuou8ly absent. Minister Stevens. who had just returned fr<>ra a brief trip among the islands.joiued thediplomatic e >rps at tbe government housejust ab >ut adjournment, to ascertain what b:lls had been roya!Iy approved, aud when inf<»rraed lhat the l«>ttery bill wasune of thera, he struck his eane on the gr»und and exciamed with angry empha8i8 that this was an iusuil to the Umted States.

The Queen's new mmistry, now apparently launched upon a iqng 1 term of service. was not really disreput!tble, but of that easy shift!ess char,>cter, rather, that sails with the carrent. Samuel l'arker was mii>ister of foreign alftirs; William II. C»rnwell, of fiuance; John F. CoIburn, of the lnterior; A. P. Petersou, &ttorney-general: po!iticians ail »f them, aud m**n of ; f).irts, though lo»se!y accus»d ot i having gaiued their p»wer by corra]>tioii and bribery. Eaeli had race and poliiieal affi!iations of his own with the white party, and was by no meane inelineīi to break aitogether with the refurmers.f But the Queen herself. having yielded her signature thus readily lo their 1 appr»ved measures. f»r whieh she o»red s» littie, had uow their united s ; gnatures to ask iu return t» a J docuraent on whieh her own heart was 8et. Urged bv vari»us petitions i of her o» n I»ved people fr»m lime t» i time. and incimed io please them. but i.i pract>cal defiiuce of the ; wholeforeigne'eraent6he nomimlly ruled, and with monstr>>us self- ; rel’ance, she now produced a new Constitution, fully drawn up, whieh she wished to pmelnim at : onee as the supreme law of the Und 5n placeof liie cxisting Cunstitnti»n. This was not so revolutionary as one may suppose. That char.icter of 1887. as 1 rn>y here remark. drafted by Aroericans and full «>f our own f;imiiiar expressions of iudividuals rights. is by no means | the d»cument f>rof>»sed to f>!low it, cxcept for th»s* essentiai pr»visions whieh had rednced native inAnenee : and her own s» greatly; and liem i she meant reaction to the conditior. just prior to 1887. As a royal . veto was now hut a qualified one, she pr»p»sed t» mnke it absolute. As the appuintment of the nobles had now oeen vested in electors wUh a property qualification f»v»ring the non-naturalized race, she now j>rop»sed restoring such appointraent t<> the cr»wn. As the two bo':ses of legi.«lation ; had beeu artfuliy balanced by an ! eqnality of numbers, s» as to give 1 the nobles almost the prepondera.ice for voting out any miniatry, she now proj>os«d to d»uble tne i uumb'*r of representat!vea in the other chamber. 8he i ruposed tak- ! ing away the life—tennre of the j»d ciary.—the departiueots. »f all ; ulhers, wh:ch had proved the sleady balance-wheel; and finaily ss the :u»st sweeuing change of ail, U>at property quaiifications sh»uld | be reduced, and that on!y subjects j sh»uld vute.J Such cbanges of themselves must have seemed api>alling and revoI iutionary; but the nglit of ihe monarcb t«) pmelaim a new C*>n- ; stilution followe<i strict precedents of this jurisd cUon. Neitber Ihe revoiuUunary Constitutiou of 1887, uor that under whieh the H&wai- ! ian islands had been preyious!y g»verned for twenty-three years, had sought a pleb<scite, or a:.y i »ther p •pular or even legtslative sanctiou. Liiiuukaiani evidcnliy regarded herself bound not to proeiaim the cbange unie*s her minislers would juīn her.£ Chang-s I so reactiunary and īnvo!ving sucb *Statem«nt ot Laliaokalani *ud otaer». tParker, Ihe premwr. <ru mostIr of aatĪTe . Haw*uta »&x*k, «ith »iue Acgk>-S«XvB ini (n4joc. Tbe oihen. we pie»aa»e. »e» £nglish cr Amenean. rSee draft ot Ihe propo»ed new Consdtut ion, togethcr vith ibit of 1887; Bīoaat docaments. fSee Lihnukahuii'i it«ten>ent, with sait*bi eiUUon of coaatitatk>aai pron*ioii*. Tbe Couiatation of 1887 i» ragn« «noagh ; aoawnM| u>o po««r ot uacudaM>Bt; bat tf *s th« »Joeen has p- mc*oiir maiatoiiwd | on b«r p*rt, memhen are bnb«d aad tho 1 Legūiature u <x rnzpt, nothing good eas 1 uvm« be depcnded «o

depnvation of safeguards on beha!f of tfce rich and intell:geat e!«ment of f re gn s jotimers were, under any melh «d oi promolgation. beyond the reach of ali arganieiit. The intention of a> reactionary a charge, w« must deal lenient!y w;th, as ihe f<.tuoos folly of a woman ar.<l a he*dstrx<ng sovereign, pitiabiy bliud to the conseq':ences. None the !e«s. “it ws« really a <n-g< ificent «•€'* c!e." ft« ChiefJ ee J« <Ld > - ?>serv 1. wh<> ?u>*d onw:;!irglv bv t >« thr»«ne w ther d:g iitar:es. uj>un * sunimuns wh:ch h »lrtad«'d »nd d:s »ppr ;vi-<l.* He, like any g*ne rons man of superior civiIization. was touched with compassīon for this brave woman, stauding though he felt her to be ou the very edge of rnin; and from hīs recolIections of the occassion. with those of the chief roval j>erson:ige herseif. artistic hints might l>e gathered of a scene whieh onr menlem vorld assooiates with poetry and the tragic stage more th m with real puhlie life.—the Q :een, in her sublimated state of raind, strugg!ing with suppres< d eraotions for the dramatic eoup wliieh she b>d secretly prepared; her si»lelong warning to Marshal M ils<'U, 1 ‘ Yon wi11hve to be b r:< ve todav.' ’

as she eutered fhe blue room of the palaee after h ving prorogued the legislat»re elsewhere the large processioti of nutives, visible from tbe balc»ny, who eame marchiug with banners, dressed in their best attire, with black coats und beaver hats, and wboso ! chief deleg ites entere«I; her eloqueut opcuing to those u!>out her andienco-room in the name of tbe thonsands of sul>jects, who, she said, of ber goverument a new Constituion; her pleudiug suggest ons to one and unother of the chief mon of state ubout her to second her expressions; and, upon the fiual refusal of her ministers to sigu, her announcenient to the crowd from the royal balcony with heartfelt sor.ow and yet a queeu- !}• self-control, that she loved her people and would coutinue to love thera. but she cot*ld not give them tod »y the Constitutiou they wished fur, but would do so at some future tirae. All the high olficors of goverument, eveu the marsbul who has been so greut scandalized, were dead aguinst her in this business. The wury ministers who parried well her appeal for fheir nuines, ufter ev.tding in the foreuoon the ]>reliminury couference whieh she had eagerly invited, undertook to coutrol her witliout deluy. Two of their numbor, Colburu aud Peterson, were at first to eommunicute the situution at onee to tho leuding reformers of the city, assuring Uiem that they gave the Queen’s plot no eouulenanee; they r . in return, were encouraged l>y these men. und by all the great m.issof iufluential residents ami businass meu, to stand firm aiid prevail. They did so, and, if tbeir testimony ean be trusted as it ought to be, sbe yielded to them in pnvate by tbe aume S.turday niglit that tull abundon—ment of her purpose whieh, to ullav generul excitemeut, was pub!icly aunounced over their sigautures andTier own by forenoou of the ensuing Mouday.f Of tbe revolutiouary iucidents whieh now ]>ass iu rapid successi >n, tbe exteusive uarrativeof Mr. BIounts report, together with Secretary Gresbum s bne!er svnopsis, have been widely giveu through the press to our Amerleun public.J But us if investigutors so tried, so uble, aud so honoruble ii3 these, might not bu trusted upon their ownsifting of the evideuce, I huve g<>ne searchtugly throogh the greatmassof aeeom pinying testimony for my own satisfaction, with ail of the individualcouuter statemeuts whieh have ppeare»l since its poblication as well as our leadiug press comineuts lyi»g by me f»r eomparison; and tuy only surj>nse is thut a caudid aud uupr«judiced mind eun reuch, ou the esseulial f.»cts, any deduction matenally different frum their own. Eor this testnuouy is not ex j >artt in reality, as so many bave taken for grante«J, but Commissioner Blouut parsued his delicate mission witb rare discrelion. and with an evideut determinalion to reach the bottom of the truth; he avoided, for the indepeudeace of his search, ail insidious atten~ tions whieh were offered him oa either sivle; and >t appears painfuily e e«r that from tbe moment the chief puiticipants iu the Qaeen s d«turonement aud the preseut Prov.siouai Goverument discovered tbat his pnrpose waa uot to make up a vindication for them their witnessesavoidedhim, dul not vulnnteer ioformation be eame nawilling to testify, while our jegat»on archives, more deficient m «ritten letters and memorauda than they onght to bave beeu, .proved di£coit of aoces. Tbose chiefly compromised by Blonnt’s report have, *Ctūef Jost>a« «Ulemeal ia tbe ♦ Btuaat'* rtport «Ulemeuu ol S*muel Park«r, cte. !Fiulij «e h»r» tfce Prwuleaf» forc»l>> pneeaUUoa of (eeu īa hū npeeul ol i)NM)ber 18, 1893.

j mor* v OTer. with it īn tfceir Tarions ! t4ons, not so moeh on facts »s in the dednction from facts Cap - : Uin Wdtee. who oommandoil onr n.TTal forces in Jannarv. is iodeeil de»d: bot the casec!inbe made op withont neeillessl_v assailing his meraory; for the re;»I narrative of revolationary events jis to to chiedv constrocted from , raatterv of wntten proof, cf #dmissi‘T-*. of eommon knowIe\ige at Hi.n- l- a. and fmra theaigned stitemcnts of reput ible before the Commiasioner. wbom no one has uudertaKen to di»«’redit.* Most of the residoe |of this printed bulk may beosed : or not, to com>borate '‘r thmw side light. And it onght to bo i constantiv kept in vie'.v by ali fair-minded men that. the revo l :tionists having tirs{ si?nt tbeir coramissioners to W ashingt->u to ! influence our Administrat on s action and to fort'stail pnhlie opinion bv their own repnsenttt< ns aad arg mieuts. the pnme object of Blonnt‘s m ssion was to test such er evidence by loeal inquiries, giviog necoss»rilv the dejx»sed government and its officials a ehanee to te l the r own story. Minister Stevens, in his *atest printed explanition.d embraces :nost ie dtng opjxuients of the revolution whom the eommissioner met in Honolnln in something ise a wh lesile bil! of attiinder, fmra the late Qneen and her sever 1 rajnisters down to the assisstant manager of the h<>tel where Mr. Btonnt boarde»l; bnt retleetiou sh >nld convince us that even immoral persons may be creditable to some extent. and especially rainisters of st ite who are backed by offieial doonmeats. lt was the Psalmist who dcclared tbat “all men are liars. but he confessed that lie said it in his haste. I observe that a few of onr fellow-citizens who are acqnainted at Honolnlo have wondered that some raen of business and capitd there. whose honor is well estoemed in this country. were not called npon to fornish affidavits; and so thoy m:ght have been, had time beeu long, and the chief purjiose of onr administration to discoss loc*l politics and j)olicies, as to whieh politicalpartiesh >ve never!igroed. and never will. A fair aim freo expression of the Hawaiian voter, under the Australian bnllot, sach us has not yet been taken, would solve tbe questiuu of j>resent popular proforence better than tons of printed specnlation; and the maiu j>urpi)se of Bloun ts mission, proj»erly considored, was not to exj>lore ours, but to hud out whether in actnal trutb the present guvernrnont 'leJncto, never authontiitively sanctioued, was hona fide established by loeal revolution. or, on the other hund, by fraud or at leist amisn.se of colorable prutection under the American H ig. whieh neitber the law of nations nor n self resj)ect ing public neutrality eau warraut. Tlns, then, wus iicqnired by Araerican sojournors, aftor less Ihan a three days' coujoint rebe)lion, aud without the loss of a single life or the firingofagun, what Mr. Stevens, most loath tu lose it lms lat»dy doscribed not inaptly as a “territorial and rairitimo prize”t for the Ameriean jieople. And if his own official disj»atcb whieh unnonuced the new situation veered rather wide of the truth, the statement’ of the five Hawaiiau comraissioners, who were uext hurr ed oti to Washiugton to negotiate an allianee treaty, must be prouounced a positive fdseho*)d \ The Harr»s*»n Administration had been pl iu!y deceived in this whole de f(tcfo business, as tiie statements of tvro at le -t of its (’ibiuet *The pnblished *nd eorrespoadeuoo 'moi the St »te D»-parlmect. whieh accou;p.»ay Mr. Blonnt’* well-kaow hnai repoit, oeenpie* oot less thau 413 phuled fo!io iKsg«s, ad-ied to the pteTi>>o* 37 (• cousi<len»ble portion being in tiue pnut). ,m i eiuaial* of corre«p<.‘inlence, sworn and nnswjru «lalemeuU, mterviews and nuseelUueon* writiugs, iudnsiv« of sQndry pnbiic ;AU-tics. Am tij> ihe recorded witnesw» not to be aoeuaeil ot parti«iity to Ihe Qneeu’s »ide, nor of ob*cnre repat.itu>n. aie t. C. Macfariaue. Voiney V. Ashf»rd, C. Botte, S. M. lanwn, 1 jeateuan» Dr*per. Chief JusDce Jadi3, Robert W. \Vilcos, Admiiwi Skcrrctt, F. \Vondenb-rg, II. A. Wiilemann, Heary Waterhonse, W o. 1 Smith, and J. H. S*jper. '1 he rwo latler. who weie pn>msuons in tbe rerolntionaiy eveuUof 'aaa >ry. app««r to hare prore<l | drci'iediy reinctant and eien slit>perr witne&iea. Iaiport»nt letter» and d">eumeuti are heonghl t>> light m tbo*e mges, certato aig liūeani onea from L. A. Thnnton and Mmister Merens among »he aamber. The deposed gov«rnmeat aad it» fneo>la find of | ooune an extetided piaee fur lestimooy. as tbey uoght h> iwtf tud, bnt aot to the exdasiou of pn>pcr connter •>tate(aeaufrou: opp»a:te andfrom ĪBdi8eicnt poinUof vsew. i M*av Uoeoaiealā of hieloneai iut«rrcit «re finally t> be fbond bcre, aueh at tbe tnil CoDāUtntk»n of ls8T aad the dnft of liul whieh Qneen Liiiookalani propoeed pro mnlgaticg in ilaplaee. lNovember 29, 1993; and givea to the press. tStatement, N‘ovember 30, 19»3. fSee the pongraph of thie Wtlcr to Secretary Fo*ter. Frbraary II, 1S03. qnoted faliy in Mr. t>loant's report. and *igned by Mr. Thar»U>u. (be preaent nnnr»tcr of thc peowaional goTerament at WashmgU>n, among tbe rest. aad by Mr. Wīldsr, iu present CT>aāo'-geaeral at S«n Francrsoo: "Ho pohiie reeognitiun waa acvorded the provuional government by tbe Amehean Miaiāter, untii thcy were m powwwnon of the governa>e&t boihfangt, the archive* aad tbe trta*ury. tupporUH hy atifral ku„drtd amud m <r«, ami a/Ur Lke abdi•'oHou <>/ tke id**eu and tKt eurrtuder lo ttu pr» 11«w«of ge«er«*wai k*r

> t3citlr. if not poaitively admit * iDtl tbe Ameriean people mas.t cocfesa with shatne th*t tbe - naiional bonor endares a new 1 staia. a new reproach of naiional gree»l, in the wrong so recently done to tho gentle Hawaiian people. to their constitated miniatera, and only less positiTely to ■ Qaeen Liliaokalani in person. j'fhat the in3urgeuts were pre- • matarely recognizetl. to say the ’ )east. and put in uso of that fonnidab!e weapon to accoraplish wbat thev raast nOeds have aeomphsbed somehow to heeome a governraent >ie fotio at all. is now so evident. that their defenders hive falien back together npon the plea —ntterly inadmissible and nnwarranted by the ?acts—that t!>e Qaeen s government had practicaUy ende»3 on tbe Saturday previous. and by an nct «>u her own part whieh never went beyond a raentai intention before >he yieldetl to her eonst:tntional adrisers and to the pablicexpression. and relinquished the ilieonceived pnrpose. Our nalioual Executhre has now the clear right and dntv nnder ail the circumst»nces. nnless constraineti by Congr6ss, to »lecide wbat our naliooal vindication requires before the world, and to enforce that vimlicat»ou besides £»ther of two gr«mnds tuay be t »ken for such . ction: one groond wiiieh Secret*ry Gresham h. s already pnt forw:ml. ~and internat:onal comitv asks. in case of anw»rmnted iuterference by one nation in the atf»»rs of another. that the injnreil sovereignty shall be placed as neariv as p»>ssible iti *Uitu qno. aml the otber ground, whieh is justihed by tho j>eculiar f »cts of the present cuse, that two nval organizations iu a contiict for domestic sovereigntv referred matuaiiy the »jnestion of rightful stttus antl supremacy, rathertban have bloo»lshed, t« this foreign Ainerican republic. already involved to s»>me extont in their dispute, agreeing at the sime time snbstaotially and mutaailv to abide by its :»war»l aud fiitul adjnstment. Iq proof of hislutter postnlute nre, the con»litional charucter of the Queen's abdicatiun as aceej od by the Pr0vision.il contest.ints: and futherraore tho cr»'ation of their own Provisioual Govermuent. not hs one full an»l permanent. bnt as » raere temporary esiablishment haviug no aistinct sanctiou frora the Huwaiion people beyoiul such cou»litionaI abdication, a government “to exist ontil tenns »>f union whieh the l'nile»! States of Araeric» have been negotiated aml agreed uj>on, —words whieh do not nat.irally import cootinuous existenco if we now «leelinesucii nnion,but ratber tho revers. For if this revolntionarv estabe lisbment had cooute»i upou tho copidity of onr Araoricau people, that of coastitutional iuuuarchy hoped for a geuerous sense »>f jostice. Such a conipsct of refereuco aud arbitn»tioo was eutered iuto when «11 contracting parties knew that Mr. Cleveland n»djost beei» eleele»! Presi»lent, aud that the case e uKl not fairly be heanl uut»l his m»)uction »nto ohiee. His Adui»nistratioo has siuce investigate»l the facts with n11 reasonable di!igence aml honesty of purpose; aod, h;»vmg iovest»gated aml decided, cdforcemeut of the dec»sion eomee next in order. so far as »uteinationai jost»ce is eoneenie»!, aside fro»n u»ere {>rudentiiil c»>n - siderations. JAMES SCHOUL£R. *Stete r eut o( ex-S»-CT«UnM Fo>ter «ml Tracy, Vvrk lieni’i, Nov«u>btr 22. 1593.