Ka Wai Ola - Office of Hawaiian Affairs, Volume 3, Number 9, 1 September 1986 — Questionnaire [ARTICLE+ILLUSTRATION]

Questionnaire

sites at Luluku, Oahu, as well as in my services as a member of the State Environmental Council. In my opinion, the Ariyoshi administration has been grossly negligent in its refusal to support legislation and to provide funding necessary to give Hawaii an effective historic preservation program; among the many deficiencies of the current program are its failure to provide interpretive plans in State parks and the administration's extreme reluctance to propose sites for addition to the Hawaii (and Federal) Register of Historic Places.

I believe the State should take strong measures, both through management of State-owned land then through reguiatory actions of the Board of Land and Natural Resources, to ensure that native forest ecosystems are preserved and protected for the benefit of future generations of native Hawaiians and other residents of our islands; commercial use of such lands should be severly restricted, and no activities inconsistent with the longterm welfare of our irreplaceable native ecosystem should be permitted.

Q 2: What is your position on the reinstatement of approximately 579 sites removed from the Hawaii Register of Historic Piaces? Hustace: Sites should be restored to the list immediately. Heftel: Support. Kuaiwa: I would review the sites and make recommendations for or against reinstatement. Waihee: The 579 sites were removed from the State Register in 1980 because of a procedura! error in notifying the affected property owners. I believe that it is extremely important that Hawaiian archaeological and

cu!tural sites be preserved. 1 strongly support the reinstatement of these sites on the State Register, and will work to this end if elected Governor. Anderson: I favor reinstatement. Cayetano: Support. While I am not familiar with ali 579 sites, I generally favor protection of historical sites. Sutton: I favor expansion. Thielen: (See cultural statement above.) Q 3: What is your position relative to the preservation and use of native forest ecosystem?

Hustace: Too many introduced species have decimated native ecosystems. We need to preserve and expand existing areas, and eull undesirable species (introduced ones) from the forests as mueh as possible. Would like to see prisoners and community groups involved īn this effort Groups whieh are legitimately invoived in strengthening and preservation of native eultura! forms should be given preference with regards to use of certain of these areas, and should be consulted as to the rest of it.

Heftel: I support preservation of these ecosystems particularly as they provide watershed areas and per petuate unique ecosystems. Kuaiwa: Forestry planting for the next several years must be dealt with seriously in order to meet eommercial demands for koa and other spec.iai woods whieh will generate high revenues for diversified agricuiture. If our mountains and vaileys are rich and torested then mueh of the water will be absorbed into the land pre venting the loss of rich soii flowmg into the oeean. Department of Land and Resources must be the state's protective manager to enforce laws and regulations for our forest and natural area reserves. | Waihee: Our rapidly diminishing native resources need to be preserved and protected to insure that they remain for the enjoyment and use of future generations. The careless and uncontrolled use of our forest resources ean seriously damage these precious resources We need to more closely monitor and regulate the manner in whieh forests are used īn order to insure that this does not occur.

Anderson: Favor preservation and use only for significant public purpose if no irreversible damage is done. Cayetano: I support preservation of native forest ecosystems and the restriction of any use inconsistent with specific conservation policies of the state. Sutton: We need to define ecosystem for both flora and fauna. Onee defined comprehensively I favor appropriate preservation. Thielen: (See cultural statement above.) HEALTH AND HUMAN RESOURCES Q 4: What is your position on special studies to identify underlying causes of aleohol abuse in the Hawaiian community, and support of prompt implementation of demonstration prcrjects aimed at allowmg the Hawaiian community to help solve the problem of aleohol abuse on its own terms?

Hustace: i favor special studies and also the eulturally sensitive approach. Most abuse treatment focuses on rehabiliting the individual; obviously with Hawaiians it needs to address the group dynamics/motivation. Heftel: Support. Identification of causes of aleohol abuse must be determined first before a solution ean be implemented. Kuaiwa: My administration will practice austerity. Hawaiians are not different from "any other enthic groups who indulge in liquor, drugs and gambling. These are vices that I am against and don't believe that devilish statement, "A little won't hurt you". It will damage you and bring poverty to any race. It is an embarrassment to tag Hawaiians as an underserved popuiation. People who indulge in liquor, in most instances leam from their parents. If the parents are pococurante and allow these practices then all the monies, studies, commissions, boards, etc. will be a waste of the taxDavers monev. Drink water.

Waihee: The problem of aleohol abuse among Hawaiians is a serious eoneem, and one whieh deserves all of our attention. The state and federal governments, health and human service agencies, and Hawaiian organizations need to work together and to share resources and expertise if we hope to develop an effective and permanent solution to this growing problem. Fundamentally, we need to understand that aleoholism and substance abuse are symptoms of alienation, failure and expression. While it is necessary to maintain programs whieh treat and control the symptoms of those afflicted, we need to build the kind of society in whieh all people are able to enjoy a sense of stability, aecomplishment and self-dignity.

Anderson: I favor. Cayetano: I support. There should be joint funding of such programs among state, federal and private agencies. Sutton: I favor special studies. Thielen: A general statement on Health and Human Resources follows: Hawaiians suffer disproportionately from a number of health problems, and I believe the state should move to institute or expand programs aimed at solving health programs whieh are culturally or ethnically related. Such problems as aleohol abuse and family violence may be linked with eeonomie and social factors, and any effective program to solve them must

be sensitive to the culture of the prospective beneficiaries. Although agencies may find it desirable to record ethnic date when developing such plans, questions of personal privacy and of the self-esteem of members of the particular ethnic groups in question must be carefully considered before such data are made public. Q 5: What is your position toward funding additional programs to relieve family vio!ence in the Hawaiian community? Hustace: I am in favor of additional help for Hawaiians and al! groups whieh have demonstrated needs in the area of familial violence. 1 would first review the effectiveness of current programs and proposals for add'l. fundinq.

Kuaiwa: The major causes for most family violence stem from pakalolo, liquor, drugs, gambling, and sexual behavior such as incest, fornication adultry, rape, etc. Funding additional programs to reiieve family violence is out of the question. My administration will encourage and support human service programs based on the poor and needy of our state to include our Hawaiian people. Waihee: Additional programs would certainly make sense from the standpoint that current levels of service do not meet the needs of all who should be served. But like alcoholism, family violence is a symptom of other problems. We need to weigh statewide priorities so that limited resources ean address a full range of community problems and concerns. Anderson: I support. Cayetano: I suprort. Sutton: 1 favor t.ie funding. Thielen: (See health and human resources statement.)

Q 6: What is your position toward state agencies keeping ethnic records whieh would help identify Hawaiian problems and evaluate the respective program effect on Hawaiians? Hustace: The state should keep certain documents, but we should all be careful, in this day of sophisticated medicine and technology, not to put all information solely in the hands of governmental bodies.

EILEEN ANDERSON (D) Lieutenant Governor

BEN CAYETANO (D) Lieutenant Governor

IKE SUTTON (R) Lieutenant Governor

CYNTHIA THIELEN (R) Lieutenant Governor

Questionnaire

Heftel: Support. Kuaiwa: 1 like to be piognant in solving our ethnic problems. For starters gather records or interview school authorities, social workers, etc., then consolidate poliee, court and probation records and identify teenagers who have multiple arrest. Remember to include the juvenile court and family services systems. Find out if the majority of these young felons eome from "enme families" in whieh parents and siblings have criminal records, and find out if they drink aleoholie beverages and do drugs. There is no difference from our health problems. the doctors recommend a well balanced diet but we continue to eat junk foods whieh are either too salty or too sweet. I could be in favor of keeping ethnic records and accurate statistics.

Waihee: 1 his proposal has substantial ment. Records or studies whieh show Hawaiians at-risk are particularly useful in attracting public and private resources for addressing problem areas and in providing a baseline against whieh progress ean be measured. However, 1 believe that further study is needed in order to determine the legal and financial implications involved in implementing and maintaining this new system of record keeping within state agencies. In addition, we need to be cautious in using negative findings because the Hawaiian community also needs more information about strengths, successes and progress that ean uplift, and not demoralize our spirit. But 1 would certainly favor exploring further the feasibility of keeping ethnic records.

Anderson: I support. Cayetano: I support. Sutton: This should not violate tHe constitutional inhibitions of "equal protection and privacy. Thielen: (See health and human resources statement.) PLANNING AND DEVELOPMENT Q 7: What is your position on the modification of the 1990 Census Questionnaire to achieve a moreaccurate count of people who are of part-Hawaiian ancestry? Hustace: There is a major problem with the U.S. census figures, as any candidate who reads the demographics ean tell you. I think that it is essential to the successful resolution of prob!ems in the Hawaiian eommunity that we are able to have accurate, complete and full accounting of native Hawaiians (and all groups.) Heftel: Support, particularly in view of federal funding for special programs based on number of Hawaiians and part-Hawaiians.

Kuaiwa: The state Department of Planning and Eeonomie Development estimates that as of 1985, Hawaii's population was over a million people. Any modification to achieve a more accurate count from the figures would be interesting. I would be in favor of the modification. Waihee: Obtaining an accurate count of the partHawaiian populahon would be of important benefit to OHA, DHHL and other public and private agencies for a number of reasons. I would therefore support efforts tomodify the 1990 CensusQuestionnaire to obtain this information.

Anderson: I favor. Cayetano: I support. Sutton: This is a very good idea. Thielen: 1 would support efforts to encourage the U.S. Census Bureau to perform an accurate count of those of part-Hawaiian ancestry. 1 recognize, however, that a Federal agency may be reluctant to modify its procedures to deal with what it may regard as a matter of loeal, rather than nahonal, eoneem; if that should prove to be the case, I wou!d support effortsby OHA or other state agencies to provide such a count. Q 8: What is your position on an amendment to the Hawaiian Homes Commission Act to allow successors to leases to be at least one-quarter Hawaiian and to permit the DHHL to select either qualifying spouse or children if the lessees fai! to designate a successor? Hustace: I am in favor of opening up more home lands through any and all means available! This specifically includes lessening the requirement for lessees and their heirs.

Heftel: I cosponsored this legislation in the U.S. House, testified in support of it and assisted in its passage on the House floor. Kuaiwa: Keep the present 50 percent Hawaiian blood as a criteria to be a lessee. The DHHL should make the decision to select a quaiifying spouse or children if the lessee fails to designate a successor. Enforcement of these laws are important to maintain strict controI. lf we drop the requirements whieh our . Hawaiian people have a right to elaim, then this might weaken the entire program. My children may have difficulty qualifying for land but this will give other Hawaiians who do qualify an opportunity to participate.

Waihee: 1 am in full support of the proposal to amend the Hawaiian Homes Commission Act to allow successors to leases be at least one-quarter Hawaiian. It is a positive step whieh is needed to insure that the families of homesteaders are able to remain on the land. lf elected, I will work with Hawaii's Congressional delegation to push for congressional ratification of this amendment.

Anderson: I favor. Cayetano: 1 support, but the 9,000 Hawaiians now on the HHC waiting list shou!d not be passed over. Sutton: This is a federal issue as Congress must approve first. Assuming Congress approves then I favor the implementation of the successor designation. Thielen: 1 regret the personal hardship imposed on those of less that 50% Hawaiian blood who are not permitted to inherit leases from ancestors who were 50% or more Hawaiian. I do not know, however, that a consensus exists within the Hawaiian community with regard to the b!ood quantum requirement for participation in the Hawaiian Homes Commission Act and other programs; as a non-Hawaiian, I would not wish to impose any decision of my own in the matter, but would wait until a policy decision is made by the Hawaiian community acting through OHA. Q 9: How would you put into effect OHA's recommendations to fill available seats on State and Federal boards and commissions? Hustace: (This question was left unanswered by Hustace.)

Heftel: I would piek the most qualified people. Kuaiwa: Recommendations are important guidelines for selecting people to fill available seats on boards and commissions. As your next governor, I will study your proposed recommendations and other guidelines to choose highly qualified persons to fill these vacancies. Waihee: In making appointments to State boards and commissions, I intend to solicit input from as broad a segment of the community as possible. As the principal agency of the State responsible for Hawaiian affairs, I would encourage and weleome OHA's recommendations for filling available vacancies. I know that thereare many concerned Hawaiians who are willing to share their knowledge and experience to help make Hawaii a better plaee to live for.aH of our residents.

Anderson: 1 am not familiar with your recommendations; however, 1 support ethnically and sexually balanced representations on all boards and commissions. Cayetano: 1 would support broad representation on boards and commissions. OHA's recommendations would be given serious consideration if the recommendations are representative of the Hawaiian community at large and not just the politically wellconnected. Sutton: Give the Governor such appointment power on nominees submitted by OHA.

Thielen: 1 am not familiar with OHA's recommendations regarding appointments to State and Federal boards and commissions. In general, however, I believe membership on such bodies should represent a broader segment of the community than has often been the case in the past; Hawaiians and part-Hawaiians should certainly receive a fair proportion of such appointments. Q 10: How would you propose to hire additional certified personnel of Hawaiian ancestry in all of the education systems of Hawaii so that qualified Hawaiians comprise a percentage of personnel to equal the proportion of Hawaiians in the state population?

Hustace: This area requires further study. Hehel: Although State DOE statistics show that only 7.2 percent of certified personnel in education systems are Hawaiian, there is no indication of the number of qualified Hawaiians applying for these jobs. First and foremost, Hawaiians must be encouraged to enter the field of education. OHA ean be instrumental in developing incentives to foster this encouragement. C!early, if more qualified Hawaiians apply for these jobs, the proportion of Hawaiians hired will increase. Kuaiwa: As Governor, 1 will treat eaeh certified individual according the standards and guide!ines that are set by the BOE and the DOE. We must continue to encourage qualified Hawaiians in the state population. We must encourage and prepare our certified people to meet standard guidelines in the private educational systems. Every individual must be treated equally, based on qualification;

Waihee: Through the State Affirmative Action Office, the Governor should closely monitor the progress being made by these institutions to fill vacant positions with qualified members of under-represented groups, such as Hawaiians. It is especia!ly important that under-represented populations have qualified individuals prepared to assume positions whieh will

become available as thousands of current teachers retire in the next few years. Scholarships, tuition waivers, and recruitment programs ean help attract students to the teaching profession. We also need to expand career/colfege awareness programs at the elementary and secondary school levels to motivate disadvantaged youth at an early age to acquire the basic skills that will enable them to be better prepared for college admission. We also must pay teachers better,

reduce class sizes and improve working conditions to make the teaching profession more attractive to members of under-represented groups who may wish to make it a career. Doing so wiil be the leading budget priority of my administration. I also favor an expansion of specific services and programs, as indicated in the several questions whieh follow, but 1 must riote that these needs will have to be weighed against competing demands and the availability of State resources. Anderson: We must begin with the education of Hawaiian children encouraging them to seek professional degrees in education. Then when sufficient numbers are available we must adopt an affirmative action program so that they will get their share of the available jobs. Cayetano: 1 favor affirmative action programs whieh would promote recruitment, counseling, financiai aid, and placement for ethnic groups that are underrespresented in the school system. 1 Sutton: Yes.

Thielen: General statement on education follows. Hawaiians and part-Hawaiians are now under-repre-sented as teachers in our educational system. Fortunately, we will soon have an exceDent opportunity to correct this imbalance. Our 9tate faces a severe shortage of trained teachers over the next few years, and a large number of new teachers will be hired during this period. Efforts should begin immediately to ensure that they will be able to fill their fair share of these jobs when they become available. Math and science teachers will be in particular demand, and students of Hawaiian ancestry should be encouraged to seek the training needed to qualify. for such positions. Hiring of more teachers of Hawaiian ancestry will go a long way to solve problems of insensitivity to the special educational needs of Hawaiian children; 1 would also support funding for special training programs for other teachers and counselors to help them better serve their students in this resnect.

I would support efforts to identify preschool-age ehildren who are likely to have educational difficulties and to ensure the availability of programs to help such students. As early training in the Hawaiian language ean be an important motivatinginfluence for at-risk children of Hawaiian ancestry, 1 would support efforts to make such programs available to them. Indeed, 1 believe that a knowledge of Hawaiian culture is valuable to any.resident of our state, and I would encourage the DOE and UH to make Hawaiian Studies programs available at all levels in our schools.

Q 11: What is your position on the implementation of early intervention programs, especially at the preschool level, that will identify and work with all children who are potentially at risk of educational failure? Hustace: 1 have long been an advocate of early childhood education. I would like to see some of the gains that have been made in Kamehameha's KEEP Program implemented on a wide-scale in schools with high percentages of Hawaiians and other at-risk groups. Heftei: I have long supported this approach. My aetivities in Congress in this area demonstrate my support, including my efforts to authorize and assist in the undertaking of the Native Hawaiian Education Assessment Report. I have testified before Congressional committees in support of programs and funding to fulfill the recommendations of the Report and have worked for many years with Kamehameha Schools to promote the Kamehameha Early Education Program.

Kuaiwa: The BOE and DOE have programs to handle these kinds of cases. As your Governor, my administration will encourage specialized programs to meet those children who might be potgntially at risk of educational failure. We must first identify the cause of these problems. Again duplication and overlapping is a waste of taxpayer's monies. Waihee: Early intervention programs ean play a significant role in preparing children to perform at a satisfactory level. I firmly believe that the earlier a potential learning problem is identified, the greater the change there is of that probiem being corrected. Anderson: I favor. Cayetano: I support early intervention programs such as Head Start and the Kamehameha Early Education Project (KEEP) whieh have proven to be effective programs.

Questionnaire Sutton: I favor such programs. Thiclen: (See general statement on education.) Q 12: What is your position on the establishment of quality Hawaiian language preschools as one of the means to preserve the Hawaiian language and to help improve the self-image of Hawaiian children? Hustace: Hawaiian language preschools are a fantastic idea.

Heftel: Strongly support. Kuaiwa: My position would be to encourage OHA, the Hawaiian organizations and religious groups to create a special fund to establish a private Hawaiian Language Institute to educate interested and potential students for the preservation of the Hawaiian language. The enrollment into these classes ean be from preschool through high school.

Waihee: There are a number of Hawaiian families interested in this type of educational opportunity and programs such as Punana Leo have proven beneficial to the students and ohana who have been able to participate in them. I think that the establishment of Hawaiian language preschools provides an excellent way of bringing our Hawaiian language back to life, and will contribute greatly to the revival and perpetuation of the Hawaiian culture. I also believe that in order to be successful, these programs should be community based, functioning outside the realm of traditional educational programs. I support the establishment of these programs, and will do whatever I ean to encourage and assist in their continuation and expansion.

Anderson: I favor. Cayetano: I support. Sutton: Excellent idea. I am a Latin scholar; why not Hawaiian language scholars. Thielen: (See general statement on education.) Q 13: What is your position on State funding and program evaluation of the Hawaiian Studies program in public schools, kindergarten through the 12th grade, and the objective stated by the BOE to: "Expand the Hawaiian Studies program, kindergarten through the 12th grade. Include in that effort such essential support services as training to teachers, acquiring the services of Hawaiian-speaking aides and resources persons and developing Hawaiian language materials." (Goals and Objectives of the Hawaii State Board of Education for the eighties, DOE, State of Hawaii, April 1982.)

Hustace: 1 dont think that the state has done enough. Like most in the Democratic party, they give lip service to the goals of promoting and preserving Hawaiian studies, but they never really put their money where their mouth is. Actually, its OUR money, not theirs, and I believe that more must be spent, and more must be done, in this area. Heftel: Strongly support. All school children should receive Hawaiian studies education. Kuaiwa: (This general statement answers questions 13, 14, and 15.) We as native Hawaiians must look past the transparent perspicuous and be perspicacious and cogent so that our children will be able to meet the ehallenges of the decades to eome. The Hawaiian Studies program, certified personnel to teach Hawaiian culture r.nd the increase funding for a cultural base alternative

education, serves one purpose, ethnic identity. The Hawaiian people have tried every avenue to succeed eeonomically and educationally through spiritual and physical guidance and we have made gains substantially but we still lag behind in education, employment and many of our people are shamefully dependent upon human services. Our people have ignored one important avenue, the throne of Jesus Christ. The reason why I'm running in this year's gubernatorial race is because of my love for Almighty God Jehovah, my Master Jesus Christ and the concerns for the citizens and native Hawaiians of our state. Our economy is heavily dependent upon the tourist industry and the military establishments in our state and this should be a eoneem of all of our citizens. The state and business

communities have yet to establish a strong diversification program, such as agriculture, oeean farming, alternative energy and manufacturing whieh could be tantamonious or even surpass our tremendous dependence on liquid petroleum, tourism and the military. Many of our people choose to be pococurante and this is foolishness. As your next Governor, my primary job is to care for the poor, the needy, the fatherless and the widows. These people must be fed and clothed. There is a clear distinction between the poor and needy versus the responsibility of my administration to provide the services for the wants of our citizens. 1 will be urbane but poignant as your custodian of our tax dollars. With these thoughts in mind, OHA, our Hawaiian organizations, churches, special interest groups and our private and public educational system must give our children the best education possible, encourag-

ing greater parent and community involvement in school affairs, science, mathematics, oeean construction, business, market economics, vocabulary and English are important steps to accomplish in teaching, training, developing and conditioningour young children for the 21st century. Our state will be a model in scientific and technological development whieh we as native Hawaiians ean be proud of. I need your support and prayers to turn this state around and head in the right direction

Waihee: We need to make more progress on the expansion of the Hawaiian Studies program to all grade levels in all public schools. The state has been slow in providing the funding necessary to implement the 1978 Constitutional amendment calling for the teaching of Hawaiian language, history and culture in the public schools. Anderson: Favor. Cayetano: I support the expansion of Hawaiian studies and teacher training so that the general population becomes better informed of the culture and problems of Hawaiians in our modern society. Sutton: Favor. Thielen: See education statements. Q 14: What is your position on greater funding for effective teacher and counselor in-service training to help sensitize them to Hawaiian culture and Hawaiian children?

Hustace: Again, we've heard lots about increased support, but seen very little action. As a Moloka'i person, I ean tell you one of our greatest problems in this state is government workers who ean not relate to loeal people. Teachers are mueh better at this than the average state worker, but they need to be constantly reminded and retrained to think that other cultural and learning patterns may be just as, or more so, effective with different groups. Heftel: As identified by the Native Hawaiian Education Assessment Project (NHEAP), teacher insensitivity exacerbates negative self-images on the part of Hawaiian children. Teacher training must be provided. Kamehameha Schools is working with the University of Hawaii to develop such teacher training, and insofar as they need additional funding, it should be provided. Kuaiwa: (see question 13.) Waihee: I support the recently announced tri-lateral agreement between the DOE, UH College of Education and Kamehameha Schools to offer special training and credentials to teachers who receive specialized training in the techniques and methods Kamehameha has developed to educate Hawaiian vouth.

Anderson: Favor. Cayetano: Support. I think such a program is particularly important. Sutton: Excellent. I favor. Thielen: See education statement. Q 15: What is your position relative to increased funding for culture-based alternative education? Hustace: I know that Kamehameha has some excellent Extension Education programs that deal with alternative education. I think that they do a better job of designing and implementing these types of programs than the State would, and for that reason, and because it allows them to help non-Kapalama campus students, the ball should be left in their court. I just can't see the state government we have now doing an effective job at this.

Heftel: I strongly believe in educational alternatives for youth who do not want to pursue a traditional aeademic education. Whether this requires additional funding or a reallocation of current funding must first be determined. Kuaiwa: (See answer to question 13.) Waihee: Cultural-based alternative education programs ean be an effective means of serving problem Hawaiian students. Anderson: I would want to assure that the proposed "alternative" is sufficient to prepare students for the community life of Hawaii. It cannot result in second-best graduates who ean not then compete effectively. I would support increased funding if I had those assurances.

Cayetano: My priority would be for early education intervention. Sutton: Favor. Thielen: See education statement. Q 16: What is your position on a building for a Hawaiian Studies Institute on the University of HawaiiManoa campus? Hustace: If the state pays for it, fine. You have better things to do with your money. Heftel: It deserves additional priority in terms of capital improvement project spending on the Manoa campus.

I Kuaiwa: Many buildings on the Manoa campus eame through grants and funds from special resources. The same ean be accomplished if OHA will solicit our business community, Hawaiian organizations, national and international contributors who will be sensitive for the construction of a Hawaiian Studies Institute.

Waihee: I support this idea in concept because the establishment of a Hawaiian History Institute at the University of Hawaii-Manoa could foster greater interest in the study of Hawaiian culture. Development and implementation of a Hawaiian Studies Institute should involve the Hawaiian community and UH administration. It would be critical that this facility and program became a locus of intellectual and cultural sharing among all ethnic groups represented at the University, as it is important for all of us in Hawaii to understand and appreciate our Hawaiian heritage. Anderson: Support. Cayetano: Support. However, I believe that UH policies must be determined by the Board of Regents. Sutton: Favor Thielen: See education statement

LAND AND NATURAL RESOURCES Q 17: What is your position on alternate energy development and the broader concerns of the total environment, cultural resources, engineering competence and the eeonomie impact on the community and the native Hawaiian? Hustace: I plaee a high priority on environmental protection anel limited, appropriate development. Obviously this means different things for the Hawaiian community than it does for others. I think that, within a state-wide format, community-based eeonomie development offers the best hope for Hawaiians to get the kind of training and help that they most want. Heftel: I support the development of alternate energy resources in Hawaii. Development of these resources, however, must not occur irrespective of other needs, including environmental protection, impact on the community and native Hawaiian rights. All needs must be accommodated to the extent possible but with the primary goal of mitigating conflict so that development ean occur.

Kuaiwa: Alternative energy development is part of my diversification program whieh will reverse our dependence on imported oil and make our state 90 percent energy self-sufficient. These energy alternatives, such as, oeean thermal, oeean currents, wave action, wind power and geothermal must be scientifically feasible and economically sound. Waihee: I t>elieve that it is vital to the eeonomie future of this state that we continue to explore the development of alternative sources of energy. At the present time, Hawaii is almost totally dependent on the use of oil to support its energy needs. The development of new energy sources such as oeean thermal energy conversion (OTEC), wind, and geothermal should be pursued to determine whether or not any of these sources ean be produced economically without adversely affecting the environment. The possible impact of any such development of Hawaiian cultural resources should also be evaluated, with input provided by appropriate experts in these matters, such as representatives of OHA.

Anderson: I support alternative energy development whieh is sensitive to our Hawaiian envirbnment and lifestyle. Cayetano: I support alternate energy development unless it impacts adversely on the environment. Sutton: Alternate energy must not pollute. Thielen: Although few would dispute the desirability of reducing Hawaii's dependence on imported fuels, all too often State-sponsored programs to reduce this dependence through development of alternative energy sources have been proposed by engineers or planners who are insensitive to the threat such projects may pose to the unique cu!tural and natural resources of our islands. Wood-chipping of native ohia forests on the Big Island, geothermal development adjacent to Hawaii Volcanoes National Park, and hydroelectric projects on

Conservation District land īn East Maui are examples of projects that are inappropriate means to a desirable end. I would work to see that planning bodies include Hawaiians and others sensitive to the cultural and natural values of our islands, in addition to the engineers and businessmen who now dominate such groups, so that these values are considered early in the development of plans for alternative energy schemes, before siting decisions become irrevocable. Hawaiian rights to oeean and water resources must be protected in any laws relating to development of these resources; issues now under discussion where this is a major eoneem include oeean leasing and the proposed State Water Code.

Questionnaire

In the establishment of any trust relationship (including DHHL and other land trusts), the welfare of the beneficiaries of the trust must be protected. The most effective way to ensure the protection of those rights is to make the trustees legally answerable to the beneficiaries for the proper administration of thetrust. For this reason, I strongly support the right of Hawaiians and Native Hawaiians to sue in matters concerning native land trusts, and I deeply regret Governor Ariyoshi's decision to veto a bill that would have permitted such suits. DHHL, in particular, has participated in far too many "sweetheart" deals with other agencies and with private interests; allowing benficiaries to sue to protect their interests would ensure that, for example, rents on income-generating leases are set at market levels, not at below-market levels intended to subsidize business or other enterprises deemed beneficial by State policymakers. I believe that the blood quantum question is one whieh must be decided by the Hawaiian community; 1 don't think outsiders have any business imposing a solution of their own, and I would work to see that the consensus view of Hawaiians and Native Hawaiians is incorporated into law.

It is my understanding that the three-way land swap at Kahaulea was originally proposed to protect highquality native forest adjacent to Hawaii Volcanoes National Park from geothermal development. I would support it to the extent that it accomplishes that aim. I am not familiar with the details of the transaction, however, and 1 would hope that the "ceded lands" aspect of the matter could be resolved before the transaction is finalized. Indeed, the whole ceded lands problem is unresolved, and the State is refusing to fulfill its obligation to provide 20 percent of the ineome from all such lands to OHA. The principal argument concerns land used for airport and harbor facilities, with the State contending that it is obligated to use all revenues from such lands to repay bonds issued to finance the facilities. 1 believe, however, that the State must ensure that funds are available (from whatever source) to fulfill its obligations to OHA as well as to the bondholders. The State has also been remiss in fulfilling its obligation to fund DHHL at a level that would permit rapid development of homestead projects; transfer of DHHL's activities to OHA would be one method to get that program up to speed.

Q 18: What is your position on the recommendations of the Federal-State Task Force on Hawaiian Homes? Hustace: I need to study this issue further before replying. Heftel: Strongly support. Kuaiwa: As your next Governor, my first mission is to address these questions with my appointed director of the DHHL, then we will be able to evaluate and give a fair response to most of these important issues. Waihee: The Federal-State Task Force on the Hawaiian Homes Commission Act is to be commendedfor its efforts to address the complex, long-standing, and often controversial problems and issues relating to the management and operations of the program over the past 60 years. I am in general agreement with the findings and recommendations of the Task-Force, and intend to diligently work for their implementation.

Anderson: Because I believe the conclusions of the task force were wrong, I cannot support the recommendations in most cases. Cayetano: There should be prompt implementation of the recommendations to the extent fiscal limitations allow. Sutton: Favor after Congress approved. Thielen: See statement. Q 19: What is your position on oeean resources, especially as they affect legal and environmental eoncerns and native Hawaiian culture and history? Hustace: I plaee a high priority on the studyingof the oeean and its resources. As in forest resources, I think that Hawaiian groups deserve to have more impact, more say, and greater access.

Heftel: I strongly support the development of oeean resources, including research, fisheries, recreational activities, oeean engineering and deep sea bed mining. I encourage OHA to remain an active participant in commenting on specific areas of development to assure that all interests are appropriately taken into account. Kuaiwa: My diversification program will include the farming of our oeean. These farms will be in legal limits, environmentally safe, scientifically and technologically feasible and economically prosperous. Waihee: There are a number of legal questions whieh remain unresolved between the state and federal governments over the boundaries of the Hawaiian archipelago and the ownership of oeean resources contained therein. I believe that these questions need to

be sett!ed before meaningful discussions on this subject ean occur. I would oppose any mining of oeean resources whieh will result in an adverse environmental impact. Anderson: Favor. Cayetano: Support. The amendments merely seek to clarify existing law. Sutton: Favor. Thielen: See statement. Q 20: What is your position on the inclusion of a Native Hawaiian Rights section in the State-wide Water Code to ensure that all Native Rights to water resources are preserved and protected? Hustace: I believe rights of all the states' citizens should be protected.

Heftel: I would urge the State Legislature to adopt a Native Hawaiian Rights Section if a state-wide water code is adopted. Kuaiwa: Please refer to answer 18. Waihee: I am in full support of the need to include a Native Hawaiian Rights Section in the proposed Statewide Water Code. Such a section will help to clarify and preserve native claims provided for under Section 221 of the HHCA as amended, Article XII of the Hawaii State Constitution and Chapter 10, HRS reiating to revenues from ceded lands, and would also serve to protect the interests of kuleana land owners. Anderson: Favor. Cayetano: Support. The amendments merely seek to clarify existing law. Sutton: Favor. Thielen: See statement.

Q 21: Despite the fact that it is included on the list of recommendations from the Federal-State Task Force on Hawaiian Home Lands, please provide a separate explanation of your position on the native Hawaiian and Hawaiian right to sue in matters concerning all native land trusts. Hustace: I think that the right to sue the government should never be limited or restricted. This is one of the bases of governmental accountability. Heftel: I support the right of all citizens to sue the government and its agencies. Kuaiwa: Please refer to answer 18. Waihee: I support the native Hawiian right to sue, and I would not have vetoed the biil for that purpose whieh passed the last session of the Legislature. Anderson: I support the right of Hawaiians to sue the govemment in matters relating to native land trusts.

Cayetano: I support the right to sue. Sutton: This is no more that procedural due process. I approve. Thielen: See statement. Q 22: What is your position on the land exchange between the James Campbell Estate, the State of Hawaii and the Hawaii Volcanoes National Park? Hustace: No position. Hehel: I supported this effort in Congress and have not been adequately appraised of the opposition to the proposal. Kuaiwa: Land is a valuable asset for the welfare of our state. I would agree provided these exchanges be for the eeonomie prosperity of our islands and not for residential or hotels.

Waihee: I support the exchange, inasmuch as it is an attractive arrangement on its own merits, will not adversely affect ceded lands and may ultimately produce additional revenue-generating property for the state. Anderson: I do not know enough about this issue to reach a conclusion. Cayetano: I do not oppose the exchange. Sutton: This should require appraisal by a third party. Thielen: See statement. Q 23: What is your position relating to a single definition of native Hawaiian without reference to a blood quantum?

Hustace: Catch-22 situation. Heftel: I support this definition relative to inclusion of Hawaiian in federal programs. Kuaiwa: The present criteria is adequate and any adjustments to lower the requirements will weaken the ethnic identity of the Hawaiian population. Waihee: The issue of blood quantum has always been a very sensitive and devisive eoneem within the Hawaiian community. This is to be expected in a situation where there are benefits involved. My feeling is that the Hawaiian people should decide if the blood quantum should be lowered or abolished altogether. I do not believe that it is a matter to be legislated or mandated by the federal government, or even the state government for that matter.

Anderson: I support whatever definition would be beneficial to Hawaiians; I am not sure what that is. Cayetano: I am npt sure that such a change is prudent at this time because of the limited resources available to assist native Hawaiians under the present definition. Sutton: The Con Con of 1978 defined native Hawaiian as going back to Captain Cook. Thielen: See statement. Q 24: What is your position on providing OHA with ceded lands to allow effective implementationofOHA's constitutional and legislative mandates?

Hustace: In favor of use of ceded lands by native Hawaiian organizations. Land transfers need to be looked at on a case by case basis. Heftel: Section 5 (0 of the Admission Act requires the state to hold the ceded landsand their proceeds and ineome as a public trust. The Department of Land and Natural Resourcc whieh is charged with this responsibility, has not ao iuately carried it out. There are good reasons to mov. responsibility for carrying out this Act to OHA, particularly in assuring that OHA would have more of an interest in implementing it, but 1 would first prefer to study the issue in more depth before taking a stance one way or another. Kuaiwa: (Please refer to answer #18.) Waihee: I think that this is a very realistic way in whieh the state ean assist OHA in fulfilling its statutory responsibilities. As Govemor, I intend to work very close!y with OHA to identify availab!e state ceded lands whieh might be suitable for OHA's use.

Anderson: This is a very complex issue, and I have not studied its significance sufficiently to reach a eonelusion. Cayetano: If a fair exchange could be arranged, I would favor an exchange whieh would provide Hawaiians with productive agricultural and coastal lands whieh would help them retain their cultural and agricultural heritage. I am not prepared to say how mueh would be appropriate. Sutton: That was the intention of the Admission Act and the Organic Act. Thielen: See statement. Q 25: What is your position on appropriating public land trust funds to the DHHL? Hustace: Needs further study.

Heftel: Insofar as DHHL is responsible for the "betterment of the conditions of native Hawaiians, as defined in the Hawaiian Homes Commission Act", and in view of the recommendations in the Federal State T ask Force on Hawaiian Homes Lands, I would support this proposal. Kuaiwa: I will support a measure to provide General Fund monies to cover administration and operating cost. The department must continue to seek special fund monies from public and private resources to cover programs such as the acceleration and distribution of lands to native Hawaiians. Waihee: I have no problem with the appropriation of public land trust funds to the DHHL, provided there is no interference with the ceded lands revenues for OHA. Anderson: I favor stronger public funding support for DHHL, using public land trust funds is one way; general funds is another; bond funds is a third; it depends on what purpose the funds are to be put. Cayetano: An effective homestead program requires money to run it. I am not opposed to eventually consolidating DHHL and OHA to streamline program implementation. If this occurs I envision DHHL become part of OHA's administration so it ean have full opportunity to develop programs for Hawaiians on its own terms.

Sutton: No. Thielen: See statement. Q 26: What is your position on the consolidation of the DHHL and OHA? Hustace: I favor making DHHL effective under the state government. This means givingit some semblance of budgetary and managerial autonomy, but I am not in favor of merging it with OHA. Eh, you guys get enough problems without taking on that, too! Everybody goin' blame you for everything!

Heftel: DHHL and OHA should decide. Kuaiwa: I would prefer to maintain the DHHL under my administration and support the goals of the department. Waihee: At the present time both OHA and DHHL are performing their functions satisfactorily. In the future, programs serving native Hawaiians should be unified. Anderson: I do not support it at this time; however, there may eome a time in the future when combining the services eaeh provides to the Hawaiians might be wise. Cayetano: (See answer to question #25.)

Questionnaire Sutton: Okay. Thielen: See statement. Q 27: What is your position regarding legislation that would transfer proceeds and ineome from any and all ceded land use to OHA at the current pro rata share of 20 percent? Hustace: I am not in favor of blanket fund transfers at this time. Heftel: Support. Kuaiwa: (Please refer to answer #18.) Waihee: I believe that the issue should be settled through negotiation, not legislation or litigation. Anderson: Our problem is what we mean by "ceded lands". I think this must be clarified in the next Constitution Convention. Cayetano: Support. Sutton: Favor. Possibly more than 20 percent, say 30 percent would be in order. Thielen: See statement.

FEDERAL LEGISLATION Q 1: What is your position on the illegal and immoral actions of the U.S. in the overthrow of the Kingdom of Hawaii in 1893, and how would you indicate commitment to grant restitution for the losses and damages suffered by the native Hawaiians as a result of those wrongful actions?

Hustace: 1 am almost old enough to have helped fight off the annexationists, and am strongly against the actions taken then by the Americans and the U.S. government. However, I am also against the sacking ot Rome by the Gauls and Visigoths. I think that today's problems need to be resolved without trying to assign blame or co!lect damages for past wrongs. Hawaiians deserve special help, attention, money, etc. to deal with their problems, but I think that trying to make a case against the Benjamin Harrison administration of 1893 is simply not worth the time or effort. Let's face the future and deal with today's problems.

Heftel: There is no question that without the direct assistance of the U.S. Government in the overthrow of the Hawaiian monarchy, it would have not occured. I have strongly supported legislation in Congress to ācknowledge the wrongdoing of the United States and to redress these wrongs through a reparations package. Kuaiwa: The issue on the illegal and immoral action of our island in the overthrow of the Kingdom of Hawaii is an on going issue. The poliūeal parties of our state and our Hawaiian organization must continue to lobby for reparation in this area of eoneem. Waihee: I am in full support of the findings and eonclusions of Volume II of the Native Hawaiian Study Commission Report regarding the pivotal role whieh the U.S. Military and diplomatic representatives played in the illegal overthrow of the Hawaiian government in 1893. As Governor, I would lobby, provide testimony and assist OHA and Hawaii's congressional delegation in any way possible in obtaining favorable congressional action on this matter.

Anderson: Support some restitution to the Hawaiians and am willing to so state publicly. Cayetano: Support. Sutton: Reparations plus damages to Liliuokalani's family. Thielen: A general statement on federal legislation follows. I strongly support efforts to include Hawaiians in the Federal definition of "Native Americans" and would work to see that funding for programs benefitting Native Americans would be increased proportionately, so that existing (non-Hawaiian) beneficiaries are not penalized by this inclusion. I believe OHA would be the appropriate agency to receive Federal funds available under such programs, as well as any reparation payments received from the U.S. qovernment.

It is my understanding that the State hasn't aecurately identified ceded lands, a necessary step before OHA's share of the ineome from such lands ean be determined. I would support the formation of a joint Federal/State commission to research the matter and to review the status of all Federal lands in Hawaii, including examination of the legal basis for Federal use of Kaho'olawe. Q 2: What is your position on the inclusion of Hawaiians in the definitiōn of native American and the extension of eligibility in all programs affected by such definition to Hawaiians?

Hustace: I am strongiy in favor of the designation of Hawaiians as native Americans, and believe in the special benefits/status that it entails. We had better be sure that they are treated by the federa! government better than the Indians and Eskimos have been. Hawaiians deserve the status, but they shou!d not settle for the second-class citizen treatment that Indians get. Demand recognition, attention and special treatment. I

have leamed that is the only way to get anything out of government. Heftel: While I strongly support this inclusion, I do not support putting Hawaiians under the Bureau of Indian Affairs, whieh would be necessary to participate in programs administered by the BIA. I therefore support a more seleOtive inclusion, and would remain autonomous from the BIA.

Kuaiwa: Any proposals such as, inclusion of definitions as established for native Americans and the extension of eligibility programs would be a positive step in the right direction for the correction of past injustices. Waihee: I believe that action to include Hawaiians in the definition of native American and to include them in all federal programs is appropriate and long overdue, and I will support all efforts to achieve this end. It is my understanding that through the inclusion of Hawaiians in federal legislation affecting native Americans, some $3 million in federal funds has been authorized and appropriated in the past two years alongfor the support of special programs in areas where Hawaiians have unique or significant needs. Anderson: Support. Cayetano: Support. „ Sutton: Yes. Thielen: See statement.

Q 3: What is your position on the Office of Hawaiian Affairs directly receiving federal program funds to administer for Hawaiians? Hustace: In favor of direct federal funding. Anything that ean keep the greedy, inefficient bureaucrats in this state government away from as mueh money as possible has to be a good idea. Heftel: OHA and other qualified agencies and organizations that serve Hawaiians shouldall be eligible to receive federal funds for Hawaiian programs. Kuaiwa: As Governor, my administration will be going through a period of change and adjustment. All federally funded programs will maintain a status quo until the evaluation of eaeh program is completed. Waihee: The receipt of federal funds by OHA is among its statutory duties, and I believe both appropriate and necessary if OHA is to carry out its constitutional and statutory responsibilities.

Anderson: Supp>ort. Cayetano: Support. Sutton: Yes, if Congress ean do it. Thielen: See statement. Q 4: What is your position on the establishment of a joint federal/state ceded Lands commission to review the status of federally corttrolled lands in Hawaii? Hustace: In favor of a ceded lands commission. The feds have too mueh land they shouldn't have, and we in this state deserve to have control of it. Heftel: I strongly support a review of ceded lands and introduced legislation to this effect in the 98th Congress. I have consistently urged the federal government to return ceded lands that are no longer needed for the purpose for whieh they were acquired.

Kuaiwa: I would encourage OHA and the federal government to review the status of federally controlled lands in Hawaii. Funds for this commission could eome from private sources. Waihee: I would support the establishment of such a commission to review how the federal government is utilizing federal lands here in Hawaii, and to determine whieh lands might be appropriate for return to the control of the state. Anderson: Support. Cayetano: Support. Sutton: Excellent. Past due, let's get going! Thielen: See statement. Q 5: What is your position on rescinding Presidential Executive Order 10436 whieh permitted the taking of Kaho'olawe for nava! operations? Hustace: Kaho'olawe is not now being used appropriately. I would like to see further study on its future usage.

Heftel: I suppon rescinding this Order, and in fact wrote the Canadian Prime Minister and several members of his Cabinet asking that Canada not participate in bombing Kaho'olawe this year. Kuaiwa: The rescinding of Presidential Executive Order 10436 will permit the State of Hawaii and the County of Maui to use the island of Kaho'olawe and surrounding waters, for the purpose of strengthening my proposed eeonomie diversification program. Waihee: I support the return of Kaho'olawe. Anderson: Support. Cayetano: Support. Sutton: Rescind. Q 6: What action will you take in support of reparations for Hawaiians at the federal level? Hustace: As mueh is as deemed necessary by the

situation. . - Heftel: As a participant in the drafting of the first proposal, I will maintain a strong interest in reparations and will strongly support passage of reparations. Kuaiwa: The whole question of reparation must be dealt witn perspicaciously. OHA, the State of Hawaii and our Democratic Party must continue to urge the Congressional Committee on native Hawaiian Repara- ^ tions to reconsider its fundings and adopt the minority report.

Waihee: See response to Question 1. Anderson: Anything I ean do as Lieutenant Governor. Cayetano: I would help lobby. Sutton: Will support. Thielen: See statement. Q 7: What is your position on OHA being the single receptacle in the State for reparations? Hustace: OHA is the only appropriate recipient for reparations in the state. Heftel: OHA was designated in the State Constitution to be the recipient of federal reparations. Insofar, as OHA is intact when reparations are made, whieh will most likely not be for severai years, OHA should receive the funds for distribution.

Kuaiwa: This decision must be made after reparations are granted. I agree with the idea of having a single receptacle body in the state for reparations. Waihee: I believe that this provision is consistent with the intent of the 1978 Constitutional Convention and is among OHA's statutory purposes. Anderson: Until we determine what shall be done with the reparations, it is not possible to identify to whom the reparations should be given. Cayetano: Support. Sutton: There may be a problem for Congress doing it this way. See Arizona Territory vs. Geronimo and the Apaehe Trail West of the Pecos Court. It was subsequently approved by U.S. Supreme Court in denying actions. Thielen: See statement.